Classes

C++ Polymorphism

Polymorphism

C++ polymorphism uses virtual functions for runtime dispatch.

Introduction to Polymorphism

Polymorphism is a core concept in C++ that allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class rather than their actual class. This is especially useful in scenarios where the exact class of an object may not be known until runtime. By using polymorphism, you can write more flexible and reusable code.

Virtual Functions and Runtime Dispatch

In C++, polymorphism is primarily implemented through virtual functions. A virtual function is a member function in a base class that you expect to override in derived classes. When you use a base class pointer or reference to call a virtual function, the C++ runtime determines which function to call based on the actual object type, not the type of reference or pointer.

Pure Virtual Functions and Abstract Classes

A pure virtual function is a virtual function with no definition in the base class, making the class abstract. This means you cannot instantiate the base class directly; instead, you must derive a subclass and implement the pure virtual functions.

Benefits of Polymorphism

Polymorphism in C++ offers several advantages:

Code Reusability: Write generic code that can work with objects of different classes.
Flexibility: Add new classes with little to no modification of existing code.
Maintainability: Simplifies code management by reducing duplication.

Conclusion

Understanding C++ polymorphism, especially through virtual functions, is essential for creating versatile and maintainable code. As you continue learning, consider how polymorphism interacts with other concepts like inheritance and abstract classes to fully leverage its power in your applications.

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